The research, without the hype.

Triple-receptor agonist (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon). 28.7% weight loss at 68 weeks in Phase 3.

Synthetic pentadecapeptide. Most-studied use: tissue healing, tendon and ligament recovery.

GHRH analogue. Stimulates sustained growth hormone release. DAC and no-DAC variants.

Selective GHRP. Stimulates GH release with minimal cortisol or prolactin elevation.

Copper-binding tripeptide. Studied for skin remodeling, wound healing, and hair growth.

FDA-approved GHRH analogue. Reduces visceral fat. GLP-1 to GLP-3 bridge compound.

Thymosin beta-4 fragment. Recovery and systemic healing. Frequently stacked with BPC-157.

Proprietary blend of BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, and a fourth component for synergistic recovery.

Melanocortin receptor agonist (Bremelanotide). FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire.

Synthetic ACTH analogue. 30+ years of Russian pharmaceutical history. Cognitive and neuroprotective.

GLP-1 receptor agonist (Ozempic/Wegovy). 15% mean weight loss. 26% reduction in cardiovascular events (SELECT).

Dual GIP/GLP-1 twincretin (Mounjaro/Zepbound). 20.9% mean weight loss. Superior to semaglutide in head-to-head.

Oral ghrelin mimetic. The only oral GH secretagogue. 2-year human trial data. Sleep, lean mass, IGF-1.

Tuftsin-derived Russian anxiolytic peptide. Anxiety reduction without sedation or dependence. 30+ year pharmaceutical history.

hGH 176-191 fragment for targeted fat loss. Lipolytic without IGF-1 or glucose effects. Phase III failed in humans.

Fundamental longevity coenzyme. Declines ~50% by age 60. NMN/NR precursors elevate levels; sirtuin and DNA repair effects.

Approved immune peptide (Zadaxin) in 35+ countries. Hepatitis B/C, COVID-19 mortality reduction, sepsis. Category 1 returnee 2026.

Potent GH secretagogue. Strong GH spikes with cortisol/prolactin trade-off. Validated in GH deficiency diagnostic testing.

The original synthetic GH secretagogue. Maximum GH potency with significant hunger stimulation. Optimal for mass-building phases.

Pineal-derived tetrapeptide. Telomerase activation, circadian melatonin restoration. Khavinson observational longevity data plus 2025 independent in vitro telomere replication.

First peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. AMPK activator, exercise mimetic, insulin sensitizer. Enriched in centenarians.

Long-acting IGF-1 analog. Direct IGF-1R activation. Potent muscle hypertrophy — with cancer risk and WADA-banned status.

FDA-approved GHRH 1-29 analog (Geref, 1997–2008). Most physiological GH pulsatility. The conservative GH optimization starting point.

Oral NNMT inhibitor. Restores NAD+ metabolism in fat cells. Strong preclinical fat loss — no published human trials yet.

FDA-approved neuropeptide (Pitocin). Amygdala modulation, trust, social anxiety reduction. Intranasal off-label use.

The sole human cathelicidin. Resistance-resistant antimicrobial, wound healing, gut barrier, immune modulation.

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide. Promotes slow-wave sleep architecture. 50 years of research. Stress hormone normalization.

Master HPG axis regulator. Stimulates GnRH → LH → testosterone without suppressing endogenous production. Fertility-preserving.

Non-selective melanocortin agonist. UV-free tanning and sexual function. Serious melanoma risk — dermoscopy monitoring required.

Mitochondria-targeting peptide. Cardiolipin protector, ETC stabilizer. Phase II HFpEF data. Phase III Barth syndrome completed.

AT4/IRAP agonist. 7 orders of magnitude more potent than BDNF for synaptogenesis in preclinical. Zero published human trials.

GLP-1 + amylin combination (Novo Nordisk). 22.7% weight loss in REDEFINE 1 Phase III. Next after tirzepatide.

Myostatin inhibitor. Dramatic muscle hypertrophy potential. Serious cardiac hypertrophy risk — echocardiogram monitoring required.

Full 43-aa parent protein of TB-500. Cardiac progenitor cell activation (Nature). Phase III ophthalmic data. WADA-banned.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Direct mast cell inhibition. Aviptadil COVID-19 RCT mortality benefit. Shoemaker Protocol for MCAS/CIRS.

Senolytic peptide — selectively clears zombie cells. Landmark Cell 2017. No human trials. FOXO4-p53 disruption mechanism.

First mitochondria-derived peptide (2001). Anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, centenarian-enriched. Complements MOTS-c.

Eli Lilly's oral GLP-1 pill — no injection, no food restrictions. ~10% weight loss Phase III. First true oral GLP-1 agonist.

Synthetic GnRH — preserves testicular function alongside TRT. Pulsatile dosing critical. Category 1 returnee 2026.

Most potent GH-releasing peptide. Unique GH-independent CD36 cardiac protection. Dual mechanism separates it from all other GHRPs.

Isolated lipolytic domain of GH — fat burning without IGF-1 elevation, insulin resistance, or bone growth. Precursor to AOD-9604.

Porcine brain-derived neuropeptide complex. 150+ clinical trials, approved in 30+ countries — the most clinically credentialed neuropeptide in this guide.

CNTF-derived tetrapeptide from Columbia University. Tau reduction and memory improvement in Alzheimer's mouse models. Preclinical only.

39% primate weight loss via fat vasculature killing (prohibitin targeting). Serious kidney toxicity halted human trials.

Direct AMPK activator via ZMP. 44% endurance improvement in untrained mice. WADA-banned exercise mimetic with human metabolic data.

GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist. 47% MASH resolution in Phase III — strongest liver disease pharmacotherapy data in the investigational pipeline.

EPO-derived cyclic peptide targeting the innate repair receptor. Phase II nerve fiber density increase in humans. No erythropoietic effects.

ERRα/γ agonist exercise mimetic — directly activates exercise adaptation transcription factors downstream of AMPK. Preclinical only.

FDA-approved GnRH agonist (Trelstar). Paradoxical: single low dose stimulates HPG axis for PCT; continuous depot suppresses for prostate cancer.

Khavinson EDR tripeptide — brain-specific neuroprotection and antioxidant defense. CNS companion to Epithalon. Khavinson-group clinical and preclinical data.

Khavinson thymic dipeptide (Lys-Glu, KE) — immune restoration, T-cell maturation, and longevity cohort data alongside Thymalin.

Full thymic peptide Cytomax — 10-year human cohort data showing 2-fold mortality reduction in elderly subjects. The most clinically studied thymic bioregulator in the Khavinson series.

Khavinson lung-specific tetrapeptide (AEDL) — bronchial epithelial regeneration and respiratory aging. Targeted Cytogen for the respiratory system.

Khavinson peripheral nervous system tetrapeptide (AEDP) — the overlooked half of neurological longevity. Peripheral nerve protection, neuropathy support, Schwann cell maintenance.

Khavinson mucosal tripeptide (GEP) — the only bioregulator targeting both lung and gut simultaneously. Predates Western recognition of the gut-lung axis.

Khavinson vascular tripeptide (KED) — endothelial gene expression regulator. eNOS upregulation, anti-atherosclerotic effects, and the foundational cardiovascular bioregulator.

Khavinson cartilage and bone Cytomax — institute open-label osteoarthritis data (n=33) plus preclinical cartilage/bone work. Not an independent Western RCT.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid — hepatoprotective bile acid, ER stress reducer, mitochondrial membrane protectant, and insulin sensitizer. FDA-approved parent compound. ALS Phase II trial data.

Mitochondrial uncoupler developed as a safer DNP alternative. Significant fat mass reduction without caloric restriction or temperature increase in obese mouse models. No human clinical trials.

The original GLP-1 agonist (Victoza/Saxenda) — once-daily injection, LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial (13% MACE reduction), the class-defining compound that preceded semaglutide.

The body's master antioxidant — endogenous tripeptide (GSH) that declines 30–40% with aging. IV vs. liposomal oral vs. standard oral. Phase II Parkinson's data. Skin brightening RCT.

Intravenous NAD+ — a fundamentally different intervention from oral NMN/NR. Direct systemic elevation, extracellular receptor signaling, addiction/withdrawal clinical data, the longevity clinic reset protocol.

Truncated spadin analog — TREK-1 potassium channel inhibitor with a completely novel antidepressant mechanism. Faster preclinical onset than SSRIs, BDNF upregulation. Zero human clinical data.

PPAR-delta agonist with 44% endurance improvement in mice — development terminated by GSK in 2007 after cancer acceleration in all animal tissues studied. WADA-banned. Honest coverage of both effects.

The most clinically studied tight junction protector — zonulin pathway antagonist with Phase II/III celiac disease RCT data. Oral local action. The evidence-based option for leaky gut.

Anti-fibrotic tetrapeptide fragment of thymosin beta-4 — different sequence and mechanism than TB-500. TGF-β1 inhibition, cardiac and renal organ protection, human data for fibrosis reduction.

Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (serotonin + dopamine + norepinephrine) — 10.6% mean weight loss in Phase IIb. Cardiovascular monitoring required. Not FDA-approved.

Trans-isomer of clomiphene — restores LH/FSH signaling and natural testosterone production without HPG axis suppression. Oral, once-daily. The fertility-preserving alternative to TRT for secondary hypogonadism.

LH-mimetic that maintains testicular size and function during TRT. Decades of clinical use, IU-dosed. The standard tool for testicular preservation and fertility on testosterone therapy.

FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor repurposed for longevity — extends lifespan in every model organism tested, including the landmark ITP mouse studies. Intermittent dosing protocols dominate community use.

IGF-1Ec splice variant produced in muscle after mechanical stress — activates satellite cells via a non-IGF-1-receptor mechanism. PEG-MGF extends half-life from minutes to days. No published human RCTs.

The most clinically studied senolytic combination — Phase I/II human trials show reduced senescent cell burden in IPF and diabetic kidney disease after just days of pulsed dosing.

Gut microbiome-derived mitophagy activator — Phase II RCT showed improved muscle function and endurance in older adults after 4 months. The mitochondrial quality-control layer of the longevity stack.

The arginine salt form of BPC-157, formulated for improved oral bioavailability and pH stability — same gut-healing mechanism in a more travel-friendly oral form.

Century-old mitochondrial electron carrier and neuroprotectant with a critical hormetic dose-response — low doses enhance cognition, high doses become pro-oxidant.

The most potent senolytic flavonoid identified in the Kirkland lab screening — found in strawberries, available OTC, with a Mayo Clinic Phase II trial underway.

The same molecule as naltrexone at 1/10th the dose — flips from opioid blockade to immune modulation via endorphin upregulation and TLR4 antagonism. RCT evidence in Crohn's, MS, and fibromyalgia.

Investigational dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist — Phase II body composition data shows a fat-preferential weight loss profile vs. GLP-1 monotherapy.